高技术产业技术创新生态系统健康性评价及关键影响因素分析——基于改进熵值-DEMATEL-ISM组合方法的实证研究

高技术产业技术创新生态系统的健康发展对完善国家创新生态系统至关重要。本研究选取24个系统健康性影响因素,运用改进熵值-DEMATEL-ISM组合方法得出2011~2016年中国省际系统健康性得分,并对健康性关键影响因素及因素间的作用关系予以分析。结果表明,几年间系统健康性得分水平偏低且存在东部优于中部、中部优于西部的区域差异;系统健康性关键影响因素为有研发机构的企业数占比、国际竞争力、市场需求、对人员的吸附能力、知识产权保护、国内竞争力、引进外资和高技术企业数量;关键原因因素借助中层因素的中介传递作用影响关键结果因素最终影响系统健康的9条影响传递路径是关联广泛的主导路径,在改善系统健康性时应优先重视。     

Unifying temporal and organizational scales in multiscale decision-making

In enterprise systems, making decisions is a complex task for agents at all levels of the organizational hierarchy. To calculate an optimal course of action, an agent has to include uncertainties and the anticipated decisions of other agents, recognizing that they also engage in a stochastic, game-theoretic reasoning process. Furthermore, higher-level agents seek to align the interests of their subordinates by providing incentives. Incentive-giving and receiving agents need to include the effect of the incentive on their payoffs in the optimal strategy calculations. In this paper, we present a multiscale decision-making model that accounts for uncertainties and organizational interdependencies over time. Multiscale decision-making combines stochastic games with hierarchical Markov decision processes to model and solve multi-organizational-scale and multi-time-scale problems. This is the first model that unifies the organizational and temporal scales and can solve a 3-agent, 3-period problem. Solutions can be derived as analytic equations with low computational effort. We apply the model to a service enterprise challenge that illustrates the applicability and relevance of the model. This paper makes an important contribution to the foundation of multiscale decision theory and represents a key step towards solving the general X-agent, T-period problem.     

装备制造业环境技术创新效率及其影响因素研究——基于DEA-Malmquist和Tobit的实证分析

运用2005~2011年中国装备制造业的面板数据,采用熵值法测度中国装备制造业的环境污染指数,应用DEA-Malmquist方法在考虑环境污染和能源消耗问题的基础上测度中国各类装备制造业环境技术创新效率,应用Tobit回归分析法对影响中国装备制造业环境技术创新效率的因素进行分析。研究结果表明:中国装备制造业的环境污染指数呈现下降—上升—下降的趋势;中国装备制造业的总体环境技术创新效率呈现先上升再下降的趋势,技术效率持续上升,技术退步是导致环境技术创新效率后期下降的原因;市场竞争、资本深化和外资引进对环境技术创新效率的提升具有显著的推动作用。     

Integrated planning of transportation and recycling for multiple plants based on process simulation

By-products accrue in all stages of industrial production networks. Legal requirements, shortening of primary resources and their increasing prices make their recycling more and more important. For the re-integration into the economic cycle the scope of common supply chain management is enlarged and so-called closed-loop supply chains with adapted and new planning tasks are developed. In process industries this requires a detailed modelling of the recycling processes. This is of special relevance for operational planning tasks in which an optimal usage of a given production system is envisaged. This contribution presents an integrated planning approach for a real-world case study from the zinc industry to achieve such an adequate process modelling. We consider the planning problem of a company that operates four metallurgical recycling plants and has to allocate residues from different sources to these recycling sites. The allocation determines the raw material mix used in the plants. This blending has an effect on the transportation costs and the costs and revenues of the individual technical processes in the recycling plants. Therefore in this problem transportation and recycling planning for multiple sites have to be regarded in an integrated way. The necessary detailed process modelling is achieved by the use of a flowsheet process simulation system to model each recycling plant individually. The models are used to derive linear input–output functions by multiple linear regression analyses. These are used in an integrated planning model to calculate the decision-relevant input and output flows that are dependent upon the allocation of the residues to the recycling sites. The model is embedded in a decision support system for the operational use. An example application and sensitivity analyses demonstrate and validate the approach and its potentials. The approach is transferable to other recycling processes as well as to other processes in process industries.     

基于线抽样的可靠性灵敏度分析方法

提出了一种基于线抽样的可靠性灵敏度分析方法.线抽样可靠性分析中,结构失效概率Pf是由每个抽样样本对应的失效概率Pfj的算术平均值来计算的,由此可知Pf对基本变量分布参数θ的灵敏度(э)Pf/(э)θ可以表示为Pfj对θ的偏导数(э)Pfj/(э)θ的算术平均值,而(э)Pfj/(э)θ则可以很容易地由Pfj与基本变量分布参数θ的解析关系求得. (э)Pfj/(э)θ和(э)Pf/(э)θ的计算公式被详细推导.可靠性灵敏度分析的线抽样方法继承了线抽样法的优点,诸如精度高,收敛快且适用于高维及多模式情况等.这些优点由算例证实.     

关于极限limx→0sinx/x的注记

讨论了极限limx→0sinx/x=1,认为该极限本质上与(单位)圆周可求长是等价的.     

Electrochemical Sensors Applied for In vitro Diagnosis

Electrochemical sensing technology has received extensive attention from researchers for its unique detection and analysis methods as well as the promising applications in clinical diagnosis. Compared with other detection methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the electrochemical sensor overcomes the disadvantages of expensive cost and complicated operation, as an ideal device for in vitro detection. In this article, we mainly introduce some methods for the detection of biologically important compounds and cancer biomarkers, and briefly summarize the characteristics of these methods at first. And then, we also focus on the latest research progress in the application of electrochemical sensing technology to biologically important compounds' and cancer biomarkers' detection. Finally, the development trend and challenges of electrochemical sensing technology for in vitro diagnosis are also prospected.     

Effectiveness of the Natural Antioxidant 2,4,4′-Trihydroxychalcone on the Oxidation of Sunflower Oil during Storage

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone as a natural antioxidant on the oxidation of sunflower oil during an 88-day storage period and to compare its strength with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Seven groups of the sunflower oil samples were prepared: pure oil (control), oil treated with different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 ppm) of 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone, and oil treated with different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 ppm) of BHT. Specific parameters, namely, the peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value and total oxidation (TOTOX) value were used to assess the extent of the deterioration of the oil by estimating the primary and secondary oxidation products. The results showed that 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone effectively decreased the production of the primary and secondary oxidation products of sunflower oil during storage, as indicated by reductions in the PVs, AVs, p-AnVs, TBARS values and TOTOX values of the sunflower oil. When compared to BHT, 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone showed either a similar or stronger effect in inhibiting the primary and secondary oxidation products. These findings suggest that, 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone is a suitable natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil.     

国内标准物质概况及重点领域发展现状

介绍标准物质的层级分类及重点领域内标准物质的研发现状。标准物质有两种分类方法:术语层级分类和计量学层级分类,国内标准物质按照等级划分为一级、二级标准物质、标准样品和行业标准样品。介绍了标准物质生产资质和标准物质证书的要求,以及重点领域医药、金属、油品、食品、环境标准物质的发展现状。